1. To be, to have, to do, shall (should), will (would) fe’llari yordamchi (Auxiliary Verbs) fe’llar deyiladi, chunki ular yordamida fe’lning turli murakkab shakllari yasaladi. Yuqoridagi fe’llar Simple Present va Simple Past zamonlarining bo‘lishli shaklidan tashqari barcha fe’l zamonlarini
yasashda ishlatiladi. Yordamchi fe’llarning mustaqil ma’nosi bo‘lmaydi,
ma’noni ular bilan birga kelgan asosiy fe’llar beradi. Ular zamonni, shaxsni,
sonni, nisbatni va boshqalarni ifodalashda ishlatiladi:
I am reading - Men o‘qiyapman
They have come - Ular kelishdi
Do you speak English? - Siz inglizcha gapirasizmi?
He will return soon - U tezda qaytadi.
 

2. Ba’zan to be, to have, shall (should), will (would) fe’llari modal fe’l
ma’nosida kelib zaruratni, istakni, niyatni ifodalaydi.
 

3. Ba’zan to be bo‘lmoq, to have ega bo‘lmoq, to do qilmoq fe’llari ma’nosida asosiy fe’l bo‘lib ham keladi.


TO BE FE’LI

  1. Boshqa fe’llardan farq qilib to be fe’lining Simple Presentda 1-shaxs
    birlikda, 3-shaxs birlikda va ko‘plikda alohida-alohida shakllari mav jud: I am, he (she, it) is, we (you, they) are.
  2. To be fe’lining Simple Past zamonda birlik va ko‘plik uchun alohida shakllari mavjud: I (he, she, it) was, we (you, they) were.
  3. Bo‘lishsiz gaplar yasashda to be fe’lining tegishli shaklidan keyin not inkor yuklamasi qo‘yiladi: I am not, I was not.
  4. So‘roq gaplar yasashda to be fe’lining shakli egadan oldinga o‘tkaziladi: Am I? Was I?
  5. To be fe’li faqat ikkita davom zamonda ishlatiladi: Present Continuous va Past Continuousda va asosan majhul nisbatda: I am being invited, I was being invited.
  6. To be fe’li Perfect Continuous zamonlarida ishlatilmaydi.
  7. To be fe’lining bo‘lishsiz buyruq shakli umumiy qoidaga asosan, uning oldiga do not (don’t)ni qo‘yish bilan yasaladi: Don’t be angry. Achchig‘ingiz kelmasin.
    Don’t be late. Kechikmang.

  8. Og‘zaki nutqda Simple Presentning bo‘lishli shaklida odatda quyidagi qisqartirmalar yuz beradi:
     

    I am =I’m              We are = we’re
    you are = you’re   You are = you’re
    He is =he’s           She is = she’s
    It is = it’s               They are = they’re
    Simple Present va Simple Past zamonlarda quyidagi qisqartirishlar yuz beradi:
    I am not = I’m not
    He is not = he’s not yoki he isn’t
    She is not = she’s not yoki she isn’t
    It is not = it’s not yoki it isn’t
    We are not = we’re not yoki we aren’t
    You are not = you’re not yoki you aren’t
    They are not = they’re not yoki they aren’t
    I (he, she, it) was not = I (he, she, it) wasn’t
    We (you, they) were not = we(you, they) weren’t

  9. To be fe’li yordamchi fe’l bo‘lib keladi:
    a) Hozirgi zamon sifatdoshi (Present Participle) bilan birga kelib barcha davom (Continuous va Perfect Continuous) zamonlarni yasashda ishlatiladi:
    I am writing a letter. Men xat yozyapman.
    She was doing her lessons at fi ve. U soat beshda darslarini qilayotgan edi.
    I shall be working at three o’clock.
    Men soat uchda ishlayotgan bo‘laman.
    It has been raining since mor ning. Ertalabdan buyon yomg‘ir yog‘yapti.
    b) O‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi (Past Participle) bilan birga kelib majhul
    nisbatning barcha zamonlarini yasaydi:

    He is often invited there. Uni u yerga tez-tez taklif qilishadi.
    He was asked a diffi cult question. Undan qiyin savol so‘rashdi.
    The translation will be fi nished tomorrow. Tarjima ertaga tamom qilinadi.

  10. To be fe’li ot-kesimlarda bog‘lovchi bo‘lib keladi va -dir, edi, bo‘-
    ladi deb tarjima qilinadi. O‘zbek tilida hozirgi zamonda ko‘pincha tushib qoladi:
    He is an engineer. U — muhandis.
    He is the best student in the fi rst
    course. U birinchi kursda eng yaxshi talaba.
    The story was interesting. Hikoya qiziq edi.
    She will be a teacher next year. U kelasi yili o‘qituvchi bo‘ladi.
    The task of our representatives was to ship the goods immediately. Vakillarimizning vazifasi mollarni zudlik bilan yuklash edi.

    1.To be fe’li asosiy fe’l bo‘lib keladi va bo‘lmoq, joylashmoq ma’nosini
    beradi:
    He is at the Institute now. U hozir institutda.
    She was in Samarkand during
    the summer. U yozda Samarqandda edi.
    I shall be at home tonight. Men bu oqshom uyda bo‘laman.
    Hozirgi zamon bo‘lishsiz shaklda to be fe’li emas deb tarjima qili nadi:
    He isn’t at home. U uyda emas.
    They are not in London. Ular Londonda emas.

    2. To be fe’li asosiy fe’lning to yuklamasi bilan kelgan shakli bilan
    kelib modallashadi va oldindan kelishilgan yoki rejalashtirilgan zaruratni ifodalaydi:
     

    am
is
are + to + V
was
were

     

  1. Bu yerda: V = fe’lning asosiy shakli.

To be ning hozirgi zamondagi shakllari am, is, are kerak deb tarjimaqilinadi va hozirgi yoki kelasi zamondagi zaruratni ifodalaydi:

They are to begin this work at once. Ular bu ishni darhol boshlashlari kerak.

He is to come here tomorrow. U bu yerga ertaga kelishi kerak.

To bening o‘tgan zamondagi shakllari was, were Simple Infinitive bilan
kelganda kerak edi deb tarjima qilinadi va ish-harakatni o‘tgan zamonda
bajarish zaruratini ifodalaydi. Bu birikma shu ish-harakatning bajarilganbajarilmaganligiga aniqlik kiritmaydi va bu butun gapdan ma’lum bo‘lishi mumkin:
I was to send him a telegram, but I forgot. Men unga telegramma yuborishim kerak edi, lekin unutibman.
The goods were to be delivered
at the end of the month. Mollar oyning oxirida yetkazib berilishi kerak edi.
Was, were Perfect Infinitive bilan kelganda o‘tgan zamonda bajarili shi
kerak bo‘lgan, lekin bajarilmagan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi:

Wasto + have + P.P.
Were + have + P.P.

 

Bu yerda:

P. P. = Past Particiciple = O‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi.

I was to have fi nished my work yesterday. Men ishimni kecha tugatishim kerak edi.

Kelasi zamonda to be zaruratni ifodalash uchun ishlatilmaydi.

Izoh: To bedan keyin majhul nisbatning infi nitivi kelib, zaruratdan tashqari ehtimollikni ham ifodalashi mumkin.

Such books are to be found in all libraries. Bunday kitoblar barcha kutubxonalardan topilishi mumkin.

Many new beautiful buildings are to be seen in the streets of our town. Shahrimiz ko‘chalarida ko‘p yangi chiroyli binolarni ko‘rish mumkin.